There was stability of B cell compartment. be safe. The use of HAART by the infected mothers and the use of septrin and niverapin by the exposed infants prevented mother to-child transmission of HIV. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Prevention from mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Lymphocyte stimulation, Mitogen, Cytokine, Immunoglobulins Introduction HIV weakens the immune strength of the pregnant mother through increase in HIV viremia, decrease in CD4+ cell counts, decrease in neutrophil phagocytosis, reduction of lymphocyte transformation, enhancement of Th1/Th2 shift in cytokine production and decrease in immunoglobulin A, G and M (Clerici valueControl treatedvalue0.090.280.11CCPW stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART0.0 (0C282)39.8 (2C17,097)1.0 (0C422)0.0 (0C737)0.0 (0C0)?Control3.7 (0C616)155.6 (6C3203)59.3 (3C10,150)0.0 (0C742)72.1 (0C1445)?value0.150.590.01*0.33CPHA stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART0.0 (0C15.8)867.7 (0C10,842)0.0 (0C162)0.0 (0C0)0.0 (0C1.9)?Control0.0 (0C13.4)906.3 (8.4C4225)499.4 (4C6017)0.0 (0C9876)33.7 (0C13,945)?value0.830.790.03*C0.04* Open in a separate window IL, interleukin; IFN-, interon gamma; TNF-, tissue necrosis factor alpha; Con A, concanavalin A; PW, pokeweed; PHA, phytohymaglutinin A; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. *Significant value set at (value0.930.140.310.230.32PW stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART3.1 (0C9060)104.6 (3C11,331)5.5 (0C17,673)0.0 (0C4190)0.5 (0C8067)?Control1.1 (0C85.4)103.5 (7C13,633)70.6 (0C15,985)2.5 (0C18,379)32.5 (0C3690)?value0.810.570.190.450.03*PHA stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART0.0 (0C105.5)203.3 (4C12,933)3.8 (0C8408)0.3 (0C97)2.5 (0C937)?Control0.9 (0C34.8)203.4 (6C6475)6.8 (0C17,673)0.0 (0C16,213)3.7 (0C581)?value0.750.790.320.720.45 Open in a separate window IL, interleukin; IFN-, interon gamma; TNF-, tissue necrosis factor alpha; Con A, concanavalin A; PW, pokeweed; PHA, phytohymaglutinin A; HAART, Razaxaban highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. *Significant value set at (value0.640.680.280.390.11PW stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART0.0 (0C8438)38.6 (9.1C2965)20.9 (0C17,673)0.0 (0C16,213)1.1 (0C8486)?Control3.5 (0C1718)202.2 (5.8C2088)26.6 (2.7C7806)1.9 (0C413)10.4 (0C19,577)?value0.420.950.600.570.02*PHA stimulation?Pregnant women on HAART2.4 (0C57.1)18.7 (0C1995)3.6 (0C8586)0.0 (0C16,213)2.9 (0C1208)?Control5.7 (0C5064)40.5 (5.8C24,325)6.9 (0C14,243)2.7 (0C11,785)24.2 (0C376)?value0.100.430.590.440.27 Open in a separate window IL, interleukin; IFN-, interon gamma; TNF-,tissue necrosis factor alpha; Con A, concanavalin A; PW, pokeweed; PHA, phytohymaglutinin A; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. *Significant value set at (value?1st vs 2nd0.130.490.11CC?1st vs 3rd0.160.620.36CC?2nd vs 3rd0.540.760.750.520.58Pokeweed stimulation?1st0.0 (0C282)39.8 (2C17,097)1.0 (0C422)0.0 (0C737)0.0 (0C0)?2nd3.1 (0C9060)104.6 (3C11,331)5.5 (0C17,673)0.0 (0C4190)0.5 (0C8067)?3rd0.0 (0C8438)38.6 (9.1C2965)20.9 (0C17,673)0.0 (0C16,213)1.1 (0C8486)value?1st vs 2nd0.130.710.250.23C?1st vs 3rd0.320.920.070.27C?2nd vs 3rd0.770.980.680.980.85Phytohemagglutinin stimulation?1st0.0 (0C15.8)867.7 (0C10,842)0.0 (0C162)0.0 (0C0)0.0 (0C1.9)?2nd0.0 (0C105.5)203.3 (4C12,933)3.8 (0C8408)0.3 (0C97)2.5 (0C937)?3rd2.4 (0C57.1)18.7 (0C1995)3.6 (0C8586)0.0 (0C16,213)2.9 Razaxaban (0C1208)value?1st vs 2nd0.780.420.27C0.12?1st vs 3rd0.590.02*0.11C0.16?2nd vs 3rd0.650.03*0.660.960.98 Open in a separate window IL, interleukin; IFN-, interon gamma; TNF-, tissue necrosis factor alpha; Con A, concanavalin?A; PW, pokeweed; PHA, phytohymaglutinin A; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; vs, versus; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, trimesters. *Significant value set at (with mitogens. Findings from this study showed low secretions of IFN-, IL-4 and IL-10 in HIV+ HAART treated pregnant mothers irrespective of gestational stages. However, IL-10 secretion remained persistently low while TNF- level decreased throughout gestation in HIV+ HAART treated pregnant mothers. There was stability of B cell compartment. Importantly, after Razaxaban one?year of follow-up, all the exposed infants were seronegative to HIV-1 and HIV-2. HAART showed to be effective in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV. In this study, we found out that the HIV+ HAART treated pregnant women had lower secretions of IFN-, IL-4 and IL-10. Low secretion of IFN- could be as a result regulatory effect of HAART on the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The low secretion of IFN- on the infected mothers is preferred as it curtails excess inflammation and its possible adverse effects. Data showed that the HIV+ HAART treated pregnant mothers had lower IFN- and IL-10 during 1st trimester while IL-10 remained persistently low during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The persistently low IL-10 secretion seen throughout gestational ages can be attributed to HIV infection. It is the bodys immune strategy to allow the clearance of the virus while HAART prevents overreaction of the inflammatory cytokines. TNF- decreased as gestational age progressed to term in both test and control group. The decrease in the level of TNF- as pregnancy progressed to term again is attributed to the effectiveness of Razaxaban HAART in preventing excess inflammatory reactions by TNF-. HAART exerts regulatory effect on TNF- in a bid to protect the fetus from possible complications of increased pro-inflammatory cytokines Mouse monoclonal antibody to KDM5C. This gene is a member of the SMCY homolog family and encodes a protein with one ARIDdomain, one JmjC domain, one JmjN domain and two PHD-type zinc fingers. The DNA-bindingmotifs suggest this protein is involved in the regulation of transcription and chromatinremodeling. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked mental retardation.Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants like abortion, ruptured membrane,.