When the message of a speaker goes beyond the literal or logical meaning of the sentences used a is required to understand the BMS-863233 (XL-413) complete meaning of an utterance. two experiments point to a deficit in generating alternate interpretations beyond a logical reading. bvFTD individuals thus prefer the narrowly literal or logical interpretation of a scalar term BMS-863233 (XL-413) when they must generate a possible alternative interpretation by themselves but patients prefer a pragmatic reading when offered a choice between the logical and the pragmatic interpretation of the same phrase. An imaging analysis links bvFTD individuals’ spontaneous inclination toward a narrowly logical interpretation with atrophy in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Our findings are consistent with the because the use of a term like “some” in (1a) shows that the speaker had a reason not to make use of a term like “all”. Scalar implicatures are a good example of that happen whenever we need to integrate contextual info with linguistic info to completely understand the meaning of a statement. There is a variation to be made between the and the the speaker’s meaning: and to the same degree as adults. In one of Noveck’s (2001) experiments most children approved sentences such as “Some giraffes have very long necks” while adults tended to reject them as false (on the grounds that all giraffes have very long necks). This effect has proven to be powerful in multiple studies (e.g. Guasti et al. 2005 BMS-863233 (XL-413) Pouscoulou Noveck Politzer & Bastide 2007 The cognitive processes and the neural basis for this kind of inference making are beginning to become determined. Previous studies pointed to the contribution of a prefrontal network in the processing of a scalar inference. Shetreet and colleagues BMS-863233 (XL-413) (Shetreet Chierchia & Gaab 2014 showed a critical part for orbitofrontal cortex (BA 47) in the computation of a scalar inference. BA 47 has been extensively implicated in executive functions like mental flexibility (Abe & Lee 2011 O’Doherty Critchley Deichmann & Dolan BMS-863233 (XL-413) 2003 In the same study Shetreet and colleagues found activations in medial prefrontal cortex (BA10) which they linked with the acknowledgement of the mismatch between context and statements. Others have demonstrated the part of medial prefrontal areas RGS1 in appreciating mismatches on actions of Theory of Mind (Amodio & Frith 2006 Ferstl & von Cramon 2002 Rilling Sanfey Aronson Nystrom & Cohen 2004 Saxe 2006 In the present paper we present two experiments that aim to investigate a specific aspect of pragmatic inference-making (e.g. Davies & Katsos 2010 Katsos & Bishop 2011 Arguably the most used paradigm for screening the comprehension of scalar implicatures especially in the developmental literature is the binary view task. In this task the participant is definitely asked to express a binary view (e.g. true or false) in instances in which an utterance provides an underinformative description BMS-863233 (XL-413) of a stimulus picture. Consider the utterance: (2) “Some of the pet cats are in the package.” Now pair this having a pictured array in which all the pet cats are in the package. If the utterance is definitely accepted as a good description of the array the participant is considered to not possess computed the scalar implicature. However the participant might have noticed the mismatch between the utterance and the array but have judged the mismatch not serious plenty of to require a rejection. In order to support this account Katsos and Bishop (2011) offered both children and adults with two complementary jobs. The 1st one was a binary view task; in the second task participants experienced to choose which array out of four best matched the prospective utterance (sentence-to-picture-matching paradigm). The results exposed that children accept an underinformative utterance significantly more often than adults in the 1st task; but when offered a choice among several alternatives they pick the picture that displays the pragmatic (scalar) interpretation of the phrase. Katsos and Bishop argued the results of the two jobs collectively support their hypothesis. In other words children understand a scalar implicature but they are more than adults to pragmatic violation. The two experiments we propose here applied.