Centenarians represent a rapidly growing populace. was associated with higher MMSE (risk percentage, HR?=?0.934, 95?% confidence interval (CI) 0.896C0.975, .016) and with lower white blood cell (WBC) (HR?=?1.161, 95?% CI 1.059C1.273, .002), and ET-1 1.1?pg/mL (.007). Our results indicate that practical steps, inflammatory markers, and endothelin-1 are predictors of 360-day time survival in centenarians. valuetest (for quantitative variables), chi-square test, test was also used to compare selected biochemical markers (cytokines) among the groups of centenarians and healthy quinquagenarians. The Cox proportional risks model was utilized for univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The KaplanCMeier PLCG2 method was used to estimate survival probability in subgroups of centenarians with respect to selected variables, while variations between these subgroups were assessed with the WilcoxonCGehan statistic. Variables were tested to define the value corresponding with the lowest level. The nonparametric Flavopiridol enzyme inhibitor Spearmans rank correlation coefficient was used to assess associations between blood pressure, practical steps, and variables analyzed in the study. values 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure 140?mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 90?mm or use of any Flavopiridol enzyme inhibitor antihypertensive drug) was present in 87?% of study subjects. A majority of subjects suffered from dementia (73?%), heart failure (65?%), and osteoarthritis (64?%). Sixty-three percent of subjects used at least one antihypertensive drug (among them beta blockers 14.0?%, ACEIs 29.1?%, ARBs 3.49?%, calcium blockers 12.8?%, spironolactone 15.1?%, thiazides 3.49?%, thiazide-like diuretics 8.14?%, loop diuretics 22.1?%), aspirin 23.3?%, GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors 3.49?%, statins 3.49?%, nitrates 18.6?%, insulin 2.33?%, oral antidiabetic medicines 6.98?%, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines 8.14?%. Out of the 86 study participants, 52 (60?%) survived 360?days or more. Survivors compared to non-survivors were more likely to have hypertension; higher imply MMSE scores; higher serum albumin levels; and lesser mean serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and ET-1 (Furniture ?(Furniture11 and ?and2).2). The MannCWhitney test did not reveal significant variations between survivors and non-survivors concerning body mass index, blood pressure, and practical steps. In the univariate Cox proportional risks model, improved centenarian survival was associated with a higher MMSE, Barthel Index, and serum albumin concentration. In addition, centenarian longevity was associated with a lower white blood cell (WBC) count as well as lower serum CRP, IL-6, and ET-1 concentrations (Table ?(Table3).3). We also found that centenarian survival was inversely correlated with IL-6 after adjustment for WBC, CRP, TNF-, and ET-1 (risk percentage, HR?=?1.211, 95?% confidence interval (CI) 1.005C1.459; .001), Barthel Index 15 points ( .001), and Lawton IADL 10 points (= .009)??(Fig. 1). Higher probability of 360-day time Flavopiridol enzyme inhibitor survival was also observed with WBC levels lower than 8.3?g/L (valuevaluevaluevalue /th /thead Systolic blood pressureET-1?0.031.845IL-6?0.371.014PAI?0.325.034Diastolic blood pressureET-1?0.060.702PAI?0.345.023MMSEAlbumin0.592 .001CRP?0.316.041TNF-?0.318.038Katz ADLAlbumin0.559 .001CRP?0.389.011IL-6?0.410.006Barthel IndexAlbumin0.563 .001CRP?0.381.013IL-6?0.355.020TNF-?0.333.029Lawton IADLAlbumin0.473.001C-reactive protein?0.482.001sP-selectin0.352.021IL-6?0.416.006PAI-1?0.340.026IL-6CRP0.406.006TNF-0.390.008sP-selectinMMP-10.359.018MMP-90.560 .001sICAM-1sVCAM-10.476.001PAI-10.305.047sVCAM-1sICAM-10.476.001TIMP-10.313.041sCD40-L0.374.015sCD40-LsVCAM-10.374.015PAI-10.687 .001MMP-10.326.035TIMP-1MMP-90.387.010 Open in a separate window Conversation We conducted a multidimensional analysis of health status inside a representative group of centenarians, including clinical, functional, and biochemical measures with respect to 360-day survival. We also identified cytokine levels inside a control group of healthy quinquagenarians. Centenarians who survived 360?days, as compared with non-survivors, did not demonstrate significant variations in terms of initial clinical steps. These steps include significant medical conditions, current pharmacological treatment, practical status (aside from significant MMSE variance), and physical exam findings. Minimal variance in laboratory data was observed in our study group, with the exception of albumin which is a acknowledged predictor of survival in elderly individuals (McMurtry and Rosenthal 1995; DErasmo et al. 1997) and CRP which is a risk element for cardiovascular disease (Tracy et al. 1997; Buckley et al. 2009) (Table ?(Table1).1). Although blood pressure was not significantly higher in subjects who survived 360?days, hypertension was more common in the survivor group. Some variations that had been significant with regard to 180-day time survival, e.g., systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, fundamental and instrumental activities of daily living steps, creatinine, cystatin C, or folate serum levels (Szewieczek et al. 2015), misplaced their significance with respect to.